You, The Writer
You write to share your ideas and reach out, to persuade people for them to consider your point of view, to inform and to enjoy and express your ideas.
You can find ideas by observing maybe you'll see something that interests you, by reading something that concerns you, by watching anything it'll give you ideas.
You can keep track of your ideas by starting an 'Idea Notebook' or a 'Digital Idea File', by keeping it in a personal journal, by maintaining a learning log, or free writing.
You can get started on your writing by getting comfortable, by having your materials ready and by spending time wisely.
You work with others brainstorming, cooperating, peer feedback and using technology.
You can keep your finish work in a portfolio or a reader's journal.
Types of Writing
Genres and Forms
Genres are types, or categories, of writing. Each genre has an specific purpose or goal. For Example: The purpose of persuasive writing is to persuade. Genres have specific characteristics, too. For Example: Short stories have characters, a setting, and a plot.
Forms are subcategories of genres that contain all the characteristics of the genre plus some unique characteristics of their own.
You need to select a genre depending on your intended meaning. Depends if you want to entertain, describe an emotion or persuade someone to your point of view.
Nonfiction Narration
Nonfiction Narratives are any kind of literary text that tells a story about real people, events, and ideas.
Personal Narratives tell true stories about events in a writer's life. This types are also called Autobiographical Essays.
In a Biographical Narratives, the writer shares facts about someone else's life.
Blogs are online journals that may include autobiographical narratives, reflections, opinions, and other types of comments.
Diary and Journal Entries, writers record their personal thoughts, feelings, and experiences in diaries or journals.
Eyewitness Accounts are nonfiction writing that focus on historical or other important events.
Memoirs usually focus on meaningful scenes from writes lives.
Fiction Narration
Fiction Narratives are literary texts that tell a story about imagined people, events, and ideas.
Realistic Fiction portrays invented characters and events in everyday situations that most readers would find familiar.
Fantasy Stories stretch the imagination and take readers to unreal worlds.
Historical Fiction is about imaginary people living in real places and times in history.
Mystery Stories present unexplained or strange events that characters try to solve.
Myths and Legends are traditional stories, told in cultures around the world.
Science Fiction stories that talks about real and imagined developments in science and technology and their effects on the way people think and live.
Tall Tales are other story type because it tells about larger-than-life characters in realistic settings.
Poetry and Description
Poetry and other kinds of descriptive literature express ideas and feelings about real or imagined people, events, and ideas.
Ballad is a form of lyric poetry that expresses that poet's emotions toward someone or something.
Free Verse is poetry that has no regular rhyme, rhythm, or form.
Prose Poem shares many of the features of other poetry, since it has rhythm, repetition, and vivid imaginary.
Sonnet is a form of rhyming lyric poetry with set rules.
Haiku is a form of non-rhyming poetry that was first developed in Japan hundreds of years ago.
Other descriptive writing are: Descriptive Essays, Travel Essay and Definition Essay.
Exposition
Exposition is writing that seeks to communicate ideas and information to specific audiences and for specific purposes.
Analytical Essay explores a topic by supplying relevant information in the form of facts, examples, reasons, and valid inferences to support the writer's claims.
Compare-and-Contrast Essay explores similarities and differences between two or more things for a specific purpose.
Cause-and-Effect Essay traces the results of an event or describes the reasons an event happened.
in a Classification Essay, a writer organizes a subject into categories and explains the category into which an item falls.
Problem-Solution Essay presents a problem and then offers solutions to that problem.
Pro-Con Essay examines arguments for and against an idea or topic.
Newspaper and Magazine Articles offer information about news and events.
Internet Articles can supply relevant information about a topic.
Persuasion
Persuasive Writing aims to influence the attitudes or actions of a specific audience on specific issues.
Persuasive Essays or Argumentative Essays use logic and reasoning to persuade readers to adopt a certain point of view or to take action.
Persuasive Speeches are presented aloud and aim to win an audiences's support for a policy, position, or action.
Editorials, which appear in newspapers, in magazines, or on televisions, radio, or the internet, state the opinion of the editors and publishers of news organizations.
Op-Ed Pieces are essays that try to convince the readers of a publication to agree with the writer's view on an issue.
Readers write Letters to the Editors at print and internet publications to express opinions in response to previously published articles.
Reviews evaluate items and activities, such as books, movies, plays, and music, from the writer's point of view.
Advertisements in all media--from print to online sites to highway billboards--are paid announcements that try to convince people to buy something or do something.
Propaganda uses emotional appeals and often biased, false, or misleading information to persuade people to think or act in a certain way.
Responses to Literature
Responses to Literature analyze and interpret an author's work.
Critical Reviews evaluate books, plays, poetry, and other literary works.
Compare-and-Contrast Essays explore similarities and differences between two or more works of literature.
Blog Comments on an author's Web site or book retailer pages let readers share their ideas a work.
Research Writing
Research Writing is based on factual information from outside sources.
Research Reports and Documented Essays present information and analysis about a topic that the writer has studies.
Experiment Journals and Lab Reports focus on the purposes, procedures, and results of a lab experiment.
Statistical Analysis Reports present numerical data.
Annotated Bibliographies list the research sources a writer used.
Workplace Writing
Workplace Writing is writing done on the job or as part of a job, often in an office setting.
A Business Letter is a formal letter written to, from, or within a business.
A Friendly Letter is a form of correspondence written to communicate between family, friends, or acquaintances.
Memos are short documents usually written from one member of an organization to another or to a group.
E-mails is an abbreviation for "electronic mail" and is a form of electronic memo.
Forms are types of workplace writing that ask for specific information to be completed in a particular format.
Instructions are used to explain how to complete a task or procedure.
Project Plans are short documents usually written form one member of an organization to another.
A Résumés is an overview of a person's experience and qualifications for a job.
College Applications are documents that ask for personal information and details about someone's educational background.
Job Applications are similar to résumé in that they require a person to list work experience and educational background.
Writing for Media
Scripts are written for various media, such as documentaries, theater productions, speeches, and audio programs.
Blogs address just about every purpose and interest.
Advertisement are designed to persuade someone to buy a product or service.
The Writing Process
Writing Traits
The Writing Process
Writing is a process because your ideas go through a series of changes before the product is finished.
Sentences, Paragraphs, & Compositions
A Sentence is a group of words with two main parts: a subject and a predicate.
A paragraph is built from a group of sentences that share a common idea and work together to express that idea clearly.
To write strong paragraphs, you need strong sentences.
Combine Sentences putting information from one sentence into another can make a more powerful sentence.
Use Compound Elements you can form compound subjects, verbs, or objects to help the flow.
Form Compound Sentences you can combine two sentences into a compound sentence.
Use Subordination combine two related sentences by rewriting the less important one as a subordinate clause.
Composing your Piece
You've learned that the building blocks of writing are strong sentences and paragraphs. Now it;s time to use those building blocks to construct an effective composition.
The Part of a Composition
Rhetorical and Literary Devices
Like any builders, good writers have a set of tools or devices.
Sound Devices
- Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are close to one another. For Example: My mother made me muffins.
- Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds in words that are close to one another. For Example: My kite flew high into the sky.
- Consonance is the repetition of consonants within or at the end of words. For Example: Each coach teaches touch football after lunch.
Structural Devices
- Rhyme is the repetition of sounds at the ends of words.
- Meter is the rhythmical patter of a poem, determined by the stressed syllables in a line.
- Visual Elements, such as stanzas, line breaks, line length, fonts, readability, and white space, help determine how a piece of writing is read and interpreted.
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